These peptides offer diverse mechanisms of action for promoting longevity, targeting various pathways involved in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, DNA repair, immune function, and sleep regulation.
Epithalon (Epithalamin)
- Mechanism of Action: Epithalon is a synthetic peptide derived from the pineal gland. It regulates the production of melatonin and other hormones involved in aging and longevity, while also promoting antioxidant activity and DNA repair.
- Impact on Longevity: Epithalon has been shown to extend lifespan and improve overall healthspan in animal studies. It promotes DNA repair, reduces oxidative stress, and regulates hormone levels associated with aging, making it a promising candidate for promoting longevity and healthy aging.
SS-31 (Bendavia)
- Mechanism of Action: SS-31 is a mitochondrial-targeted peptide that improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress. It enhances cellular energy production and protects against age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.
- Impact on Longevity: SS-31 has demonstrated efficacy in extending lifespan and improving healthspan in animal models of aging. By preserving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative damage, it may promote longevity and delay age-related decline in cellular function.
MOTS-C
- Mechanism of Action: MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates metabolism and energy balance. It activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and improves mitochondrial function, which may contribute to longevity.
- Impact on Longevity: MOTS-C has been shown to extend lifespan and improve metabolic health in animal studies. By enhancing mitochondrial function and metabolic regulation, it may promote longevity and delay age-related diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction.
Rapamycin
- Mechanism of Action: Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic with immunosuppressant and anti-cancer properties. It inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which regulates cellular growth, proliferation, and senescence.
- Impact on Longevity: Rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan and delay age-related decline in various animal models. By inhibiting the mTOR pathway, it may slow down the aging process, reduce age-related diseases, and promote longevity.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
- Mechanism of Action: NAD+ is a coenzyme involved in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression. Its levels decline with age, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence.
- Impact on Longevity: NAD+ supplementation has been shown to extend lifespan and improve healthspan in animal studies. By restoring NAD+ levels, it may enhance mitochondrial function, promote DNA repair, and delay age-related decline, thereby promoting longevity.
DSIP (Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide)
- Mechanism of Action: DSIP is a neuropeptide that regulates sleep and stress response. It promotes deep sleep and relaxation, which are essential for overall health and longevity.
- Impact on Longevity: DSIP supplementation has been shown to improve sleep quality and reduce stress in animal studies. By promoting restorative sleep and reducing stress, it may contribute to longevity and overall well-being.
Kisspeptin
- Mechanism of Action: Kisspeptin is a peptide hormone that regulates reproductive function and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. It plays a crucial role in fertility and sexual maturation.
- Impact on Longevity: Kisspeptin has been implicated in the regulation of aging and longevity through its effects on reproductive function and metabolism. However, its direct impact on longevity remains to be fully elucidated.
Thymosin Alpha 1
- Mechanism of Action: Thymosin Alpha 1 is a peptide derived from the thymus gland. It modulates immune function by stimulating the production of T cells, enhancing T cell maturation, and promoting immune system balance.
- Impact on Longevity: Thymosin Alpha 1 may indirectly promote longevity by supporting immune function and reducing the risk of infection and age-related diseases. However, more research is needed to understand its direct impact on longevity.
GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
- Mechanism of Action: GHK-Cu is a peptide complex containing copper, a trace mineral essential for various physiological processes. It promotes collagen production, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling, while also exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Impact on Longevity: GHK-Cu has been shown to enhance wound healing, tissue regeneration, and overall skin health. While its direct impact on longevity is not well-studied, its ability to promote tissue repair and reduce inflammation may indirectly contribute to longevity.