Pioneers and Innovators of Peptide Science and Research
The scientists who built peptide science: Bruce Merrifield's synthesis revolution, the Guillemin–Schally hormone race, and Richard DiMarchi's modern peptide drugs.
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Biotechnology
How peptide science developed and how peptides compare with proteins, biologics, bioregulators and small molecules. This category covers the history, platforms and scientists behind the field, providing context for current development news.
10 articles by Brian Gossett. Read our editorial standards.
The History of Peptide Research: A Century of Milestones
A chronological history of peptide research: from the discovery of insulin in 1921 through solid-phase synthesis, radioimmunoassay, recombinant DNA, and the GLP-1 era.
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The Scientists Who Changed Peptide Research
A profile-driven roster of the scientists who shaped peptide research: Sanger, du Vigneaud, Merrifield, Yalow, Guillemin, Schally, Mutt, Drucker, Habener, Knudsen, and DiMarchi.
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Peptides vs Proteins, Bioregulators, Biologics & Small Molecules: The Differences
A clear, long-form explainer of how peptides, proteins, bioregulators, biologics, and small molecules actually differ — by size, structure, mechanism, manufacturing, and how each is regulated and dosed.
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What Are Peptides? A Complete Beginner's Guide
What are peptides? A comprehensive, science-based guide covering peptide structure, how they differ from proteins, endogenous peptides, research categories, delivery methods, and key benefits covered in the scientific literature.
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What Are Bioregulator Peptides? (Complete Guide)
Complete guide to bioregulator peptides: Khavinson's di/tri/tetrapeptides that regulate gene expression. How they differ from other peptides, organ specificity, and key bioregulators by body system.
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How Long Do Bioregulators Take to Work?
Bioregulator peptide timeline: early sleep and inflammation effects (days), immune and gene expression changes (weeks), and Khavinson's long-term mortality and cancer data (6+ months of annual cycles).
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Bioregulators vs Traditional Peptides: Key Differences
Bioregulators vs traditional research peptides: size (2-4 vs 7-50+ amino acids), mechanism (gene expression vs receptor binding), oral bioavailability, effect timeline, and when to use each.
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Khavinson Peptides: The Science Behind Bioregulators
Vladimir Khavinson's 40+ year bioregulator research programme: the St. Petersburg veterans cohort, mortality reduction data, organ-specific gene regulation mechanism, and why his work is less known in the West.
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Gene Expression and Short Peptides Explained
How short peptides regulate gene expression: chromatin/histone mechanism, epigenetic vs genetic effects, what 'slowing biological ageing' actually means, and honest evidence assessment for bioregulator claims.
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